Wednesday, October 25, 2023

State of global climate



Readable

Not a lot of good news 
The effects of global warming are progressively more severe, and possibilities such as a worldwide societal breakdown are feasible and dangerously underexplored (Kemp et al. 2022). By the end of this century, an estimated 3 to 6 billion individuals—approximately one-third to one-half of the global population—might find themselves confined beyond the livable region, encountering severe heat, limited food availability, and elevated mortality rates because of the effects of climate change (Lenton et al. 2023). Big problems need big solutions. Therefore, we must shift our perspective on the climate emergency from being just an isolated environmental issue to a systemic, existential threat. Although global heating is devastating, it represents only one aspect of the escalating and interconnected environmental crisis that we are facing (e.g., biodiversity loss, fresh water scarcity, pandemics). We need policies that target the underlying issues of ecological overshoot where the human demand on Earth's resources results in overexploitation of our planet and biodiversity decline (figures 5a, S5; McBain et al. 2017). As long as humanity continues to exert extreme pressure on the Earth, any attempted climate-only solutions will only redistribute this pressure.
Conditions are going to get very distressing and potentially unmanageable for large regions of the world


Thomas Neuberger. comments 

While global temperature records are not yet in for the full month of October 2023, real-time reanalysis products increasingly allow scientists to track global temperatures on a daily basis. 

Reanalysis pulls together a huge amount of data from satellites, weather balloons, aeroplanes, weather stations, ships and buoys to provide a detailed look at how the Earth’s climate is changing in real-time.

Modern reanalysis products, such as JRA-55 and ERA5, use state-of-the-art methods to produce records that align well with traditional surface temperature datasets over recent decades.

nearly every single day since mid-June 2023 has been warmer than any equivalent day since 1958. That is, this July 1 was the warmest July 1, this July 2 was the warmest July 2, and so on. By a lot.

Wednesday, October 18, 2023

How masks work





looks deeply at observational studies 
Well-designed observational studies have demonstrated the association of mask use with reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in community settings, and rigorous evaluations of mask mandates have found substantial protection. Disagreement about whether face masks reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been exacerbated by a focus on randomized trials, which are limited in number, scope, and statistical power. Many effective public health policies have never been assessed in randomized clinical trials; such trials are not the gold standard of evidence for the efficacy of all interventions. Masking in the community to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is supported by robust evidence from diverse settings and populations. Data on the epidemiologic, environmental, and mask design parameters that influence the effectiveness of masking provide insights on when and how masks should be used to prevent transmission.
Robust available data support the use of face masks in community settings to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and should inform future responses to epidemics and pandemics caused by respiratory viruses.


One of the issues is that there are different types of masks that are designed for different purposes. Cloth masks and the common blue earloop procedure masks were never designed to protect people from airborne pathogens that hang in the air for extended periods of time

Novavax vs mRNA





Novavax doses had much lower side effects than when they received an mRNA shot.
getting mRNA and then Novavax actually gave better results than just mRNA on its own.

Collapse. Might not be inevitable but it’s looking likely



Ten pathways that are fairly orthogonal, any one of which is problematic 


Our entire global industrial civilization is going to collapse. And soon, which means within the lifetimes of most people alive today.

I realize this is quite the claim, and a pretty terrifying one if you’re under 50 or so. In this article, I will list 10 problems the world is facing, each of which could cause the collapse of civilization all on its own. Which means, if even one of these problems isn’t solved, our civilization is doomed.


As society breaks down, life will get simpler and simpler. 

By the late 21st century, people will be living the way they did in the early 19th century.

  1. If you’ve never heard of ecological overshoot, it’s what happens when an organism uses up an ecosystem’s resources faster than they can regenerate. This happens all the time in nature.  How long until humans overshoot the Earth’s carrying capacity? 

    We already did. About 50 years ago.

    probably billions will die this century.


    Overshoot means that even at current global average (inadequate) material standards, the human population is consuming even replenishable and self-producing resources faster than ecosystems can regenerate and is producing entropic waste in excess of the ecosphere’s assimilative capacity


  2. you can see how crucial fossil fuels are to our civilization. We need to transition away from them before we actually run out of them. And that’s a problem because it looks like we’re going to run out of them soon.
  3. The Failure of Green Energy
  4. Now that I’ve destroyed your dreams of a green techno-utopia, let’s look at some other resources that are in short supply. [robber, sand…]
  5. our topsoil is eroding 10 to 40 times faster than it can regenerate. 70% of arable land has been removed from production by erosion of topsoil.
  6. the global water shortage.
  7. why climate change is so dangerous:  The increasing number and severity of natural disasters will eventually cause simultaneous breadbasket failures around the world, and the subsequent food shortages will lead to global famine and the breakdown of society.
  8. We are living through our planet’s sixth mass extinction eventscientists believe half the species on Earth could go extinct by 2050. The loss of that many species will have an “extinction domino effect” that leads to food webs collapsing and more plant and animal species dying. This is why some scientists are warning that the world will run out of food in a matter of decades.
  9. the largest refugee crisis in the world. The climate crisis is expected to produce up to 1.5 billion migrants by 2050Even if only half of them leave their home countries, it will be a refugee crisis 100 times worse than the one that has happened across Syria and Europe over the past decade.
  10. United Nations chief, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, said that “humanity is just one misunderstanding, one miscalculation away from nuclear annihilation.”.  [or, maybe just a lot more ordinary war over resources]


Background material in this book 


At the heart of this turmoil lies a common enemy – the wild west economics of Neoliberalism. An inherently undemocratic system that focuses on profit geared markets. While we might vote for representatives, our say in the business is virtually nonexistent. They are controlled by money – the major corporations, financial giants, and the top 1 percent of the world’s wealthy. Their objective? To maximise profit – not to meet human or ecological needs.

1. Democratise: Both workplaces and governments should have more ways, like Mini-Publics (Citizens Assemblies), to engage people in decision making. Across the board, this has been found to produce more progressive outcomes for people and planet. 

2. Universal Public Services: Essential services like healthcare, education, and housing must be accessible to everyone. 

3. Public Works Programs with a Job Guarantee: Invest in renewable energy, energy efficiency and ecosystem restoration with guaranteed fair wage jobs. This approach not only fulfils ecological objectives but also abolishes unemployment and economic insecurity.

4. Scale Down Less-Necessary Goods: Reduce production in destructive industries, like fossil fuels and fast fashion. Extend the lifespan of products and ban planned obsolescence.

5. Wealth Redistribution: Implement wealth taxes and maximum income ratios to curb excessive consumption by the rich. Right now millionaires alone are on track to burn 72 percent of the remaining carbon budget to keep the planet under 1.5°C of warming. This is an egregious assault on humanity and the living world, and none of us should accept it. 


I have to say that these are aspirational, and there isn’t a powerful argument that these will actually solve anything, but they might be necessary even if insufficient 

Saturday, October 07, 2023

Price fixing gone rampant




It’s not just that prices are high, it’s that they are increasingly unfair.
A couple of antitrust cases over the last month are suggesting that concentration may have played a more significant role than commonly understood, but we just don’t have the data to measure it. 
There are several key questions here. One is whether this kind of collusion is systemic across the economy. I suspect it is.

What’s fascinating is that here again, an economist would look at these markets and see competition and multiple rivals renting out apartments, but they would miss that there’s a cartel, or rather a set of regional cartels coordinated by a software platform, operating to boost prices and margins.

Sometimes the price-fixing is done through software and data exchange, and sometimes it’s done through signaling in concentrated markets. In its recently filed complaint against Amazon, for instance, the Federal Trade Commission touched on something called Project Nessie, an internal algorithm “to test how much it could raise prices in a way that competitors would follow.” Amazon would raise a price to see if competitors followed, and then keep the price high if they did, or drop it back down if they didn’t.

Regulatory capture



A nice review by Charles Hugh Smith

In the great scheme of civilization, governments arose to consolidate resources, wealth and power, and protect these scarce and valuable assets from outsiders.Outsiders included invading hordes, competing states and self-serving entities within the realm guided by one goal: to maximize private gain by any means available.
democracy is in effect a wide-open auction of favors in which corporations bid for loopholes inserted in 700-page congressional bills, regulatory tweaks that favor their interests at the expense of competitors and innovators that might threaten their monopoly, etc.

Tuesday, October 03, 2023

Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions vs. COVID




During the early stages of the pandemic, public health authorities had to rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in an attempt to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates, as there was no access to vaccines and therapeutics. NPIs comprise a variety of actions including, amongst other measures, social distancing, face coverings and contact tracing. In this theme issue, evidence gathered during the pandemic is examined to understand whether each of these measures was effective at reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Masks good.  N95> surgical masks 

Many other insights though for many NPIs, “inconclusive “ for a variety of reasons, usually insufficient data

COVID isn’t done with us





because we really want COVID to be over…


We live in a postpandemic era of uncertainty and contradiction. Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2, is back, yet it never really went away.
It’s hard both to avoid COVID, many people contend, and to lead a normal life. The latest wave so far is mild, notwithstanding recent reports of extreme fatigue. Scientists have voiced concerns about potential long-term cognitive decline in some severe cases, but most vaccinated people recover. Still, scientists say it’s too early to know about any long-term effects of COVID.
The psychologist Paul Slovic said we evaluate risk based on three main factors. Firstly, we rely on our emotions rather than the facts (something he calls “affect heuristic”). Secondly, we are less tolerant of risks that are perceived as dreadful and unknown (“psychometric paradigm theory”). Thirdly, we become desensitized to catastrophic events and unable to appreciate loss (“psychophysical numbing”).
these three theories influence how we cope with COVID. “Early in the pandemic, the ‘dread factor’ and ‘unknown factor’ meant we all felt it was very risky,” he said. “But we began to see that the people who were most affected were older with comorbidities. The dread factor is way down because of successful vaccinations. We certainly feel that the unknowable factor is down, but with new variants there is potentially something to worry about.”
“COVID deaths are actually worse now than when we were all freaking out about it in the first week of March 2020, but we’re habituated to it, so we tolerate the risk in a different way. It’s not scary to us anymore,” said Annie Duke, a former professional poker player and author of books about cognitive science and decision making.